美國網友評論希臘選舉

greece elections: have 5 years of austerity paid off?

希臘選舉：5年緊縮政策的后果

sunday s national elections in greece were widely seen as a vote on years of punishing austerity that its citizens have had to endure, and whether they can handle much more.

周日的希臘大選被看做是對市民多年被迫忍受的緊縮政策是否繼續的投票，

and it appears greek voters rejected it.

看起來，希臘選民選擇了反對。

the incumbent prime minster conceded defeat, and exit polls reported by state television showed the anti-austerity syriza party poised to win. syriza has attracted significant public support on promises to renegotiate bailout terms and deliver relief to fed up greeks.

現任總理承認失敗，並在國家電視臺宣布反緊縮左翼政黨輕松獲勝后離開。左翼政黨獲得重大的公眾支援，因為他們允諾將對緊急救助重新談判，並對希臘人發放救濟。

the apparent victory for syriza casts doubt on the still fragile country s economic future.

左翼政黨的明顯獲勝讓人對這個經濟破碎的國家充滿了懷疑。

back in 2010, the country accepted its first bailout: 240 billion (＄277.8 billion) of international aid to rescue its battered economy. in return, greece agreed to deep cuts in government salaries, tax hikes, a freeze on state pensions and bans on early retirement.

回溯到2010年，這個國家試圖得到首次緊急救助：2400億歐元（2778億美元）的國家援助來解救他垮塌的經濟。作為回報，希臘同意深度削減政府薪金，提高稅率，凍結國家養老金並停止提前退休。

nearly five years on, greece s economy is in better shape, but life for many greeks is much worse. unemployment has soared and wages have fallen even as people are working longer -- all of which are fueling demand for change.

差不多五年過去了，希臘經濟開始好轉，但很多希臘人的生活更加惡化。失業高聳，薪資下滑，同時工作時間更長——所有這些加劇了變革的期望。

so how far has greece come since the start of its financial crisis?

那么，金融危機以來，希臘已經走了多遠？

1. back in the black: in the last five years, greece has swung from a hefty deficit to a small surplus. the country s primary deficit was a whopping 10.7% of gdp back in 2009. last year it ran a primary surplus of 2.7% of gdp. that means when you strip out interest payments, the government collected more money that it paid out. and it hit that target earlier than promised to lenders.

1.從黑暗中回歸：在最後五年，希臘從一個高赤字國家變成一個微弱盈余的國家。2009年政府赤字高達gdp

的10.7%。而去年他有了gdp2.7%的盈余。這意味著支付利息后，政府收入比支出更高。並且他比領導人允

諾的更早達到了目標。

2. healthier banks: greece s banking sector is much more resilient. banks have been recapitalized and the industry has downsized from 18 commercial banks to just 4. recent stress tests have underscored their stronger capital position and confidence in the financial sector.

2.更健康的銀行：希臘銀行業的安全更快恢復。銀行已進行資產重組，占產業比重已經從18%下降到4%。近

來的壓力測試已經加強了他們更好的資本狀況和財政安全的信心。

3. unemployment soars: but the biggest trouble spot is jobs. five years ago the unemployment rate was about 12%. last year it was more than double that level, at 26%. the job shortage is even worse for young greeks: half of all young people are out of work. and that s a problem both in the short and long term.

3.失業率高聳：但是，最大問題是就業。五年前，失業率大約為12%。去年，已經翻倍帶拐彎，達到26%。就業崗位的減少對青年人的影響更壞：年輕人口中的一半處於失業狀態。並且，這既是一個短期問題，更是一個長期問題。

"it s a ticking time bomb for national health care and public sector pension bills," said g+ economics managing director lena komileva, "the taxpayer will need to pay the future public sector bills."

“國家健康福利和公共部門退休金是一個定時炸彈”，g+ economics總經理lena komileva說，“納稅人需要為未來的公共部門退休金納稅。”

4. economy is shrinking: many of the job losses are tied to a sharp contraction in the size of the greek economy, which is roughly 25% smaller than it was before the crisis. last year, the country returned to modest growth after five years of recession -- but output remains far below levels seen in 2007.

4.經濟正在萎縮：大量工作崗位流失，與之關聯的是，希臘經濟規模的急劇萎縮，他的經濟規模已經比危機前萎縮了大約25%。去年，希臘在五年衰退后恢復了適度增長——但是，產值仍然遠遠低於2007年的級別。

5. wages tumble: those who have a job are getting paid less. wage inflation peaked at an unsustainable 12.5% year-on-year growth in 2010. then wages began falling sharply. in 2013 they were falling nearly 12% year-on-year -- and they re still falling.

5.薪資下滑：在職者被支付更少薪水。工資膨脹頂峰在2010年，達到年率12.5%，這是不可持續的。然后，工資開始急劇下滑。2013年，下滑速度達到年率12%——並且，還在繼續下滑中。

6. working longer: the retirement age averaged 61 in 2010. it has been pushed out to 65, and expectations are that it will be hiked again to 67 in the coming years.

更長的工作時間：2010年退休年齡平均為61歲。現今已經被延長到65歲，而且會在接下來的幾年里被延長到67歲。

7. debt deluge: greece s debt was very high then, and it s very high now. net debt was around 130% of gdp in 2010 according to the imf -- now it s close to 170%. the economy has shrunk so the debt ratio has increased and it s put the country in what g+ economics komileva describes as the "debt trap".

債務泛濫：希臘的債務隨后變得非常高，現在已經很高了。根君imf數據，2010年希臘凈債務大約為gdp的130%——現在，他已經接近170%。經濟萎縮，所以，負債率增長，並且他已經導致這個國家走向（用g+economics首席經濟學家komileva的話說）“債務陷阱”。

"greece cannot possibly generate the level of income to pay back its debtors, ever," she said.

“希臘可能永遠無法獲得足夠的收入來償還他的債務，”她說道。

以下是美國網友評論：

★the greeks have to be commended for their sacrifices and resilience. however, the true measure of progress will come when the number of people on government payroll is cut in half, or better by two third. no figures were given on that account in this report.

希臘人已經因他們的犧牲和恢復獲得掌聲。然而，真正促進發展的措施只有在政府工作人員減半（削減2/3則更好）的情況下才能出現，在這個報告中沒有涉及到這個情況。

★so in other words, you won t be satisfied until the unemployment rate goes even higher. the imf has figured out that austerity doesn t work (even as they plan to implement similar policy in ukraine to start a new round of smash and grab privatization). why haven t you?

所以，換句話說，在失業率變得更高前你將永遠不會滿足。imf已經斷定緊縮毫無意義（即使他們計劃在烏克蘭執行簡單的政策來啟動新的一輪破產潮和私有化）。你為什么還不做呢？

★1947 you go to differentiate between the private sector and public sector. a measure of success will indeed be increase in private employment as opposed to government employment. four years ago, there were four times more educators per capita in greece than in finland, the country that sets the bar for all education systems in the world.

你把私人部門和公共部門分太清了。一個有效的措施是在反對政府雇傭的同時確切的增加私人雇傭。四年前，希臘同等人口教師數量比芬蘭多四倍，這個國家在為整個世界培養教育人才。

★not our problem. let the greeks sort it out....as long as the solution doesn t involve spending of other s money.

這不是我們的問題。讓希臘人自己去選擇吧，只要解決時別用其他人的錢。

★just like the republicans do, you mean.

你的意思是，就像共和黨做的這樣？

★spending borrowed money into massive debt doesn t work either. do you have another idea how to get out of the mess and keep from getting back into the same position in the future?

拿借來的錢來歸還大量債務也沒什么用。你有沒有其他辦法，既避免混亂，又避免換湯不換藥？

★sure stop spending more money than you make.i just wish republicans in congress would learn that lesson. then again republicans are spending other peoples money so they don t care. you can t cut taxes and increase spending. which is the heart of every single republican budget for the last 30 years.

to be fair democrats at least try to offset increased in spending with increases in taxes(income) however they do like to increase spending too.

停止消費比你創造的財富更多的財富我只是期望國會里的共和黨人能吸取這個教訓。然后，共和黨將繼續花費那些其他人的錢而毫不吝惜。你不能削減稅收同時增加開支，這正是共和黨在過去30年中每個預算案的核心。為了公平，民主黨人至少應該嘗試用更多的稅收（收入）抵消更多的開支，然而，他們也更喜歡增加開支。

★there s more employers than just the government in a healthy society. greece needs to get serious about their private sector and shed the mindset of graft and governmental dolling.

健康社會不僅僅只有政府充當雇傭者的身份。希臘需要認真對待他們的私營部門，並拋棄貪污瀆職作風和政治上的花拳繡腿。

★small surplus???? any government can run a small surplus if you don t include payment on its dept. point 1 - back in the black is really misleading.

少量盈余？？？？所有的政府都能實現少量盈余，只要不包括向政府部門提供的工資。重要的一點——從黑暗中回歸是個純粹的忽悠。

★a small surplus is a start. it has taken a long time and a lot of sacrifice, but it is a start. now if they could get the large volume of tourism back, then they could start to grow

that private sector job market. sure they will be low paid positions, but it puts people to work, and gives them something to do. what they have done should be seen in a positive light, and if they can just move that top line economy again, they will be in much better shape. this is one case where economic growth would be a good thing.

少量盈余只是開始。還需要更長時間和更大犧牲，但這是一個開始。現在如果他們可以恢復大規模旅遊業，然后，他們可以發展私營部門就業市場。他們減少官方職位，但是讓人去工作，或者為他們提供工作。他們做的已經很好了，並且如果他們能讓經濟恢復，他們將會更好。這是讓經濟增長變得更好的一個手段。