1b:[["$","$L27",null,{"breadcrumbs":[{"categoryId":856,"slug":"tech","name":"科技"}]}],["$","article",null,{"children":[["$","section",null,{"children":[["$","span",null,{"children":[" ","科技"],"className":"bzubwch"}],["$","h1",null,{"children":"P2P網貸B面：跑路頻現將促監管政策出台"}]],"className":"t1el8oye"}],["$","p",null,{"children":["鉅亨網新聞中心"," ",["$","span",null,{}]," ","2014-11-05 09:11"],"className":"alr4vq1"}],null,["$","$L28",null,{"profile":{"name":"nativeAdSmallTextOnly","path":"/1018855/mobile_newsarticle_textnative","size":[["fluid"]],"marginTop":32,"marginBottom":32,"marginLeft":0,"marginRight":0,"device":"mobile"}}],["$","main",null,{"id":"article-container","children":[["$","section","news-section-0",{"dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"

2013年10月，國內P2P網貸行業曾出現一波“跑路潮”，如今，一年時間已過，當重新審視這個充滿機會，又密佈陷阱的火熱行業時，人們會發現，監管政策依舊“未見人下樓”，行業“裸奔”狀態仍未改觀，與此同時，在今年出現問題的P2P平台中，詐騙類平台明顯增多，而近期溫州瑞安籍平台老闆的密集出事，也引發“跑路潮”會否再次來襲的擔憂。

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《《《

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B面·樣本調查

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又一瑞安籍P2P平台出問題鑫澤恆投資老闆身份存疑

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每經記者楊軒發自廣州

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瑞安市，地處浙江東南沿海，是浙江重要的現代工貿城市和歷史文化名城，而在網貸行業，沒有哪一個縣市像瑞安那麼聲名遠揚。

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據不完全統計，在問題平台中，老闆來自瑞安的已經超過10家。在P2P投資圈裏，“瑞安籍”(老闆是瑞安人)成為高頻詞彙。

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從去年網貸倒閉潮爆發至今，一年過去了，行業逐漸趨於規範，投資人也越來越成熟，不過問題平台依然層出不窮。

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近日，溫州瑞安籍平台鑫澤恆投資(域名szxzhtz.com)又因種種原因被投資人質疑：監事有多次被法院執行記錄；平台地址在蘇州，車貸項目的抵押車輛卻多來自溫州等。

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鑫澤恆投資就車貸項目的質疑做出回應，但並未公開解釋監事被法院執行的問題。鑫澤恆投資工作人員向《每日經濟新聞》記者承認監事多次被法院執行的事實，並稱該監事不參與公司經營，公司唯一股東及法定代表人是統仕。

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《每日經濟新聞》記者深入調查發現，該平台對統仕的身份介紹也存在許多疑點。

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監事有被法院執行記錄/

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近期，投資人多次對P2P平台提出質疑，質疑內容包括：平台地址在蘇州，車貸項目的抵押車輛卻多來自溫州；抵押車輛背景模糊；監事許道春有多次被法院執行的記錄……

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針對投資人的質疑，鑫澤恆投資10月30日在網貸之家論壇發帖回應，稱平台抵押車輛較多來自溫州，是因為溫州是該平台老闆的家鄉，所以對那邊的業務較熟悉，但后期蘇州的業務也會陸續上線；車輛背景模糊是應借款人的要求，保護借款人的隱私，而上述回應未涉及監事許道春被法院多次執行的質疑。

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鑫澤恆投資主辦單位是蘇州鑫澤恆投資管理有限公司 (以下簡稱鑫澤恆投資公司)。根據全國企業信用信息公示系統的查詢結果，鑫澤恆投資公司成立日期是2014年3月24日，公司類型是有限責任公司(自然人獨資)，法定代表人是統仕，此外統仕也是執行董事兼總經理，監事是許道春。

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在全國法院被執行人信息查詢系統中，輸入許道春的名字，出現三條被執行記錄。10月30日，《每日經濟新聞》記者以投資人的身份致電鑫澤恆投資，表示在全國法院被執行人信息查詢系統可查到許道春的多次被執行記錄，希望了解是否為該平台監事。工作人員表示，“對，是的”，但對具體因為什麼原因被法院執行，該工作人員表示，“也不清楚”，並稱許道春並不插手公司經營事務，不算是公司員工，公司是統仕獨資控股；對於許道春與統仕的關係，該工作人員表示也不清楚。

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法院執行因民間借貸糾紛/

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11月2日，全國法院被執行人信息查詢系統查詢結果顯示，許道春有三次被執行記錄，分別是“(2013)溫瑞執民字第04564號”、“(2013)溫瑞執民字第00868號”和“(2011)溫瑞執民字第00332號”，執行對象許道春的證件號碼都是“33032519741……X”，執行法院都是浙江省瑞安市人民法院。

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《每日經濟新聞》記者在浙江省瑞安市人民法院網站未能找到上述三個案件的判決書，不過，在浙江法院公開網，記者找到三個以許道春為執行對象的判決書，分別是 “(2013)溫瑞執民字第00601號”、“(2010)溫瑞執民字第00873號”、“(2010)溫瑞執民字第00875號”，其中有一個判決書含有被執行對象的證件號碼。“(2013)溫瑞執民字第00601號”被執行對象證件號碼為“33032519741……X”，與前述全國法院被執行人信息查詢系統中三個執行記錄一樣。

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“(2013)溫瑞執民字第00601號”顯示，許道春是因民間借貸糾紛被起訴，存在拒不到庭的情節：“原告白洪友為與被告楊曉汗、許道春民間借貸糾紛一案，於2013年3月4日向本院起訴，本院於同日以簡易程序立案受理，后於2013年4月3日裁定本案轉為普通程序審理，依法組成合議庭，於2013年6月12日公開開庭進行了審理。原告白洪友的委託代理人楊文清到庭參加訴訟，兩被告經本院依法傳票傳喚無正當理由拒不到庭。本案現已審理終結。”

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判決結果是，“被告楊曉汗應在本判決生效十日內償還原告白洪友借款6萬元”，“被告許道春對被告楊曉汗的上述履行義務承擔連帶責任保證；在承擔保證責任后，有權向被告楊曉汗追償。”

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(2010)溫瑞執民字第00873號、(2010)溫瑞執民字第00875號，也是民間借貸糾紛案件。

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平台老闆身份存疑/

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《每日經濟新聞》記者深入調查后發現，鑫澤恆投資工作人員口中的老闆統仕的身份也出現了疑點。

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鑫澤恆投資對統仕介紹稱：“法人(代表)統仕；浙江溫州瑞安人；從事十多年下借貸業務；黃山盛世齊雲國際大酒店股東，黃山市溫州酒店餐飲商會副會長。在蘇州木瀆多年經營‘娛樂’餐飲‘酒店’等行業。如豪門盛鼎娛樂有限公司股東，新浪潮KTV，半島足浴，盛世158商務酒店等。”

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但全國企業信用信息公示系統查詢結果顯示，黃山盛世齊雲國際大酒店有限公司共有5名股東，其中沒有統仕。

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記者搜索黃山市溫州酒店餐飲商會，找到了一個最為近似的網站：黃山市溫州商會 (域名為hswzsh.com)。工信部備案查詢結果顯示，該網站主辦單位名稱是黃山市溫州商會，主辦單位性質是社會團體。

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在黃山市溫州商會的網站頁面上，記者發現了黃山盛世齊雲國際大酒店的蹤跡。據介紹，黃山市溫州商會副會長之一是曾大初，曾大初代表和創辦的企業就是黃山盛世齊雲國際大酒店。

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此后，記者與曾大初取得聯繫，並介紹了相關情況。曾大初表示，黃山盛世齊雲國際大酒店沒有統仕這名股東，自己也不認識統仕。此外，曾大初告訴記者，也不存在黃山市溫州酒店餐飲商會這個組織。

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11月2日，《每日經濟新聞》記者再次聯繫鑫澤恆投資，並表明了身份，希望獲得平台負責人正面回應。一位工作人員稱，統仕不在公司，也沒有他的聯繫方式。

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據該工作人員介紹，鑫澤恆投資一共有員工13名，其從平台上線開始就一直在該公司上班。對於平台交易規模、待收金額，該工作人員表示，“你應該問我們老闆”；對於是否見過抵押車輛，該工作人員表示，有其他員工與來考察的投資人一起見過。

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對於統仕身份的疑問，該工作人員稱無法回答，建議記者次日(11月3日)再聯繫，表示“明天老闆會來”。11月3日，記者多次撥打該公司電話，均無人接聽；當日，鑫澤恆投資官方群發布群公告：“鑫澤恆提現困難。暫時集體放假。”

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《《《

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B面·跑路檔案

"},"style":{"marginTop":"30px"}}],["$","section","news-section-67",{"dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"\n"},"style":{"marginTop":"30px"}}],["$","section","news-section-68",{"dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"

問題平台累計逾200家行業透明度亟待提高

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每經記者鄧莉蘋發自深圳

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近年來，P2P網貸平台在快速發展的同時，跑路、詐騙等問題不斷出現。據網貸之家統計，從2011年至今，P2P網貸行業出現的問題平台已經超過200家。

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據了解，問題平台的各種“問題”形式不一，有的因經營不善而倒閉，有的最初的目的就是詐騙。在業內人士看來，問題平台的出現，和目前行業過熱、缺乏監管等密切相關，而提高行業透明度等方面建設極為重要。

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詐騙平台數量明顯增多

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據網貸之家統計，截至2014年11月1日，P2P網貸歷史累積出現的問題平台共計235家。其中，2011年和2012年問題平台數量較少，而從2013年10月開始，卻出現了一波“倒閉潮”。

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網貸之家首席運營官石鵬峰對《每日經濟新聞》記者表示，去年上半年之前，問題平台相對都不多，但在10月出現了大量的問題平台，主要是去年上半年P2P行業發展過快，行業野蠻生長，出現拆標、自融等一系列問題，而10月長假后又積累了大量的資金需要提現，一些平台的現金流出現問題，從而導致大量問題平台出現。

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去年10月以后，問題平台出現的速度不斷加快。據網貸之家統計，去年全年出現問題平台共76家，而截至11月1日，今年的問題平台已達143家。

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在石鵬峰看來，今年問題平台數量很多，主要是因為行業很火，新平台不斷出現，P2P行業的基數不斷增加，同時，今年純粹的詐騙平台也較以往的數量要多。據網貸之家統計，在今年已經出現問題的143家平台中，詐騙類的有82家，占比57.34%。

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另據網貸之家統計，2014年10月，新上線的P2P平台為71家，全國正在運營的網貸平台共計約1474家。

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石鵬峰表示，今年惡性詐騙平台比例較高，但這些平台持續的時間都不會很長，資金量不太大，所以相對去年，跑路平台的影響力稍小一些。

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石鵬峰稱，一些騙子平台有非常明確的特徵，就是造假，信息不完全，有的工商注冊資料可能都是假的。

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所謂的詐騙平台，是指那些從一開始就是以詐騙為目的的平台，所發的項目信息全是虛假標的，獲取一定的資金后就卷款消息。

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此前，《每日經濟新聞》曾經多次曝光過一些P2P平台，幾家平台可能用的是一樣的辦公室照片，宣傳資料類似，發的標類似，甚至連辦公地址都是同一個地址，但這個地址卻無人在此辦公。

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石鵬峰表示，隨網貸行業持續火爆，一些目的不純的人也混了進來，其中很多人都是在很多平台做一些廣告推廣，吸引投資人進去，達到一定的額度就跑路。因此，投資人在投資新平台時，一定要對所投資的平台進行了解。

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投資人大多維權困難

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袋袋金副總經理柯皇吉對《每日經濟新聞》記者表示，目前行業並不規範，出現問題並不奇怪，不管是金融行業還是實業，在行業發展高峰期都會有很多人進入，但到最后都會有一個洗牌。

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在業內人士看來，P2P行業至今仍然沒有明確的監管條件，進入門檻也低，花很少的錢就可以搭建一個網站平台，這讓很多詐騙者進入非常容易。同時，有的平台經營者對行業理解不夠，自身資金實力也不強，進入行業之后發現並沒有想象的那麼好經營，所以出現問題；還有一些平台經營不規範，做資金池、拆標或者自融，一旦項目出現問題，平台也就難再經營下去。

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石鵬峰認為，監管確實可以引導行業向健康可持續方面發展，但加強行業的透明度和信息流動的建設也非常重要，平台自身信息的披露及第三方的監管都很有必要，同時還要多做投資人的教育。

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此外，由於缺乏監管，P2P平台出現問題之后，很多投資人面臨維權困難的局面。記者此前加入好幾個跑路P2P平台的維權群，在經過一年多或者幾個月以后，QQ群的活躍度大幅降低。

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在業內人士看來，P2P行業沒有監管，出現問題也不知道找誰，而且很多詐騙平台的地址都是假的，想要維權很麻煩，而一些平台根本找不到，想要報案或立案難度較大。

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不過，就在最近，已經有幾家P2P平台負責人被警方帶走調查，或被法院宣判。但到目前為止，尚未有以集資詐騙罪名宣判的平台跑路案件。石鵬峰表示，對於詐騙平台一定要嚴懲，要有一些案例，最后的結果會對其他平台有警示作用。

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《《《

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B面·行業趨勢

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年關將至業內警示P2P跑路風險

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每經記者朱丹丹發自北京

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年關將近，P2P網貸行業的問題平台亦不斷增多，“跑路潮”會否再現，業內人士討論熱烈。

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“從歷年數據統計來看，問題平台接近線性向上的增長趨勢，即時間越往后，問題平台占比就越高，而每逢年關，問題平台占比都會是每年最高的。”共富網CEO徐朝俊分析指出。

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多位業內人士向《每日經濟新聞》記者表示，在經濟下行階段，平台應夯實自身基礎，而不是盲目擴張。另外，從目前的投資踴躍度、P2P發展增速和國家政策導向來看，部分平台“跑路”是正常的優勝劣汰；同時，也會起到教育投資者、成為監管層出台行業管理制度催化劑的作用。

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年底資金緊張或引發跑路潮

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“目前，大多數P2P平台都是2013年6月以后成立的，很多平台的團隊不具備從事金融業務的能力，金融行業的風險爆發有一定的滯后性。未來一段時間，很多平台會因為壞賬集中出現而崩潰。很多平台比較脆弱，投資者由於本身的投機性，也較脆弱，容易引起傳染效應。P2P網貸和下民間金融業務在資端高度重疊，目前宏觀經濟下行壓力較大，銀行對中小企業抽貸情況嚴重，P2P網貸行業或會成為重災區。”互聯網金融研究機構棕櫚樹CEO洪自華分析表示。

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信金融首席運營官譚陽對《每日經濟新聞》記者表示，有些本身以詐騙為目的的平台，與年底時點無關。不過，2013年這個時間段成立或者開始把資端放到線上發布的網貸平台，在今年下半年有一個集中的兌付期，兌付壓力較大，由此推測一些平台或不能及時兌付債權，壞賬爆發，從而可能引起平台集中倒閉或跑路。

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愛投資COO程亦認為，要從跑路背后的原因分析，一般是兩種：從一開始就是惡意詐騙，圈到錢跑路，另一種是經營不善，風控水平不夠賠不起錢跑路。前一種，和年底時點關係不大，圈到足夠多的錢想跑就跑了，后一種，和前段時間市場上平台爆髮式增長相對應，基數大了，經過一段時間的經營，有一部分經營差的就顯露出來了，加之年底向來是市場資金緊張的時間段，所以年底陸續出現跑路平台並不意外。

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問題頻發有助教育投資者

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“伴隨跑路平台逐年上升的趨勢，個人建議，首先，如果是一個正在籌建的網貸平台，應該做好詳細的商業計劃書，充分認識這個行業所處的競爭環境，設計出能在競爭中脫穎而出的商業模式，盡量不要讓自己陷入同質化競爭的泥濘；其次，對剛成立不久的平台來，業務擴張的速度一定要與內部管理和控制能力相匹配；第三，對於正常營運有段時間的平台來，通常內部治理和外部業務擴張形成了良好的互動，但有些在過往的小成績中迷失自己，思維固化，最后在日益激烈的競爭中敗落下來，而有些抵抗不住市場的誘惑，背離最初的經營初衷，導致最后風險不可控。”徐朝俊表示。

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程也認為，面對此起彼伏的跑路現象，對健康運營的平台來是一場信任危機，用戶接收到的負面信息會直接影響其對P2P這種投資渠道的信任，而最終傳導到用戶的投資行為上，因而平台應保證自身行得正，站得穩，加強與用戶的溝通互動，便能平穩度過敏感時期。對整個行業來，跑路現象不見得是壞事：一方面，可提醒那些想做好和確實做得好的平台，想要得到用戶的信任就要付出更多努力，另一方面，也反復教育投資者什麼是風險。此外，也會成為監管出台行業管理制度的催化劑。

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洪自華向《每日經濟新聞》記者表示，首先，平台應該認識到，P2P網貸行業只是新的、市場化的金融業態，在市場化的環境下，金融業不可能出現少數獨大的局面，平台應夯實自身基礎，而不是盲目擴張，金融應該具備穩健性和一定的保守性，擴張期應在經濟周期的上行階段而不是下行階段；其次，P2P平台應通過各種手段，提高自身的品牌知名度和公信力，通過降息獲得尋找相對優質資的能力。

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對於整個網貸行業的發展，洪自華表示，民間借貸的抗風險能力較弱，業務本身的風險性很高，從業人員本身受知識和能力的限制，對整體宏觀經濟的判斷能力不足，這些因素決定了大多數民間金融機構無法抵禦經濟下行帶來的衝擊。不過，P2P網貸行業目前的規模還很小，大多數進入者看重的是行業巨大的潛力，階段性動蕩不會動搖整個行業。

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